Contents

Introduction

The first appearance of the Holy Fire

The Arab Ibn al-Qass (940)

The Persian al-Biruni (c. 1000)

The column that was split by the Holy Fire (1579)

The British archaeologist Charles Warren (1867–1870)

Monk Parthenius (1845) and Bishop Meletios (1867)

Monk Mitrophanis

Epilogue

 

 

 

 

The nationalities of the 45 authors

 

Ten French: Bernard, Odolric, Richard the Blessed, Pope Urban II, Fulcher, Anonymous (Codex L), Bartolf, Guibert, Peter the Venerable, Ambrose.

Five Muslim Arabs: al-Jahiz, al-Masudi, Ibn al-Qass, Ibn Shaddad, Yaqut.

Five Byzantine Greeks: Arethas of Caesarea, Niketas, Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos, Perdikas, Ananias.

Five Germans: Othmarus, Ekkehard, Albert of Aachen, Theodorich, Johann Schiltberger.

Four Englishmen: William of Malmesbury, Abbot Richard, John Mandeville, Charles Warren.

Three Russians: Daniel, Grethenios, Posniakov.

Three Muslim Persians: al-Biruni, Ali of Herat, Zakariya al-Qazwini.

Three Icelanders: Niculas Bergsson, two anonymous.

Two Armenians: Kirakos Gantzaketsi, Matthew of Edessa.

One Syrian: Saint Theodore the Sabbaite.

One Italian: Caffaro.

One Moldavian: Parthenius Ageev.

One Swiss: Felix Fabri.

One Anonymous: Torino Codex.